OFDM-PAPR Reduction using Statistical Clipping and Window based Noise Filtering
Aman Sehgal and Amit Kumar Kohli

Abstract
This paper presents an alternate approach for the iterative clipping and filtering (ICF) method used for the peak-to-average-power-ratio (PAPR) reduction in OFDM systems. As the resultant in-band noise due to clipping after Z consecutive iterations is approximately proportional to the clipping noise generated in the single iteration, therefore this in-band noise obtained after first iteration is statistically scaled to measure the in-band clipping noise of Z iterations. This approximated in-band clipping noise may be further used for refining the OFDM signal by using statistical clipping (SC) approach [1]. However, the out-of-band clipping noise is also a significant drawback for OFDM systems, which restricts the efficiency of transmitter.
Therefore, the main focus of presented research work is on the out-of-band clipping noise suppression using the Kaiser window based filtering, in addition to the in-band clipping noise excision using SC method, which may be termed as statistical clipping and window based filtering approach (SC-W). The simulation results are presented to compare the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of the underlying wireless OFDM systems using the ICF, SC, SC-W techniques for PAPR reduction. The complementary cumulative density function (CCDF) and power spectral density (PSD) characteristics are also investigated to infer the results, which depict that the proposed SC-W PAPR reduction technique meets the requirements of transmit mask specified in IEEE 802.11a. The exclusive advantage of SC-W method over ICF approach is low computational complexity and reduced out of band clipping noise.
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The Intellectual Capital Engine for Organizational Governance and Sustainability: A Theoretical Inquiry and Path Analysis
Anthony Thiagarajan, Utpal Baul

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to review the international literature in the historical and current context of intellectual capital (IC) to leverage it from a third-dimension. This is approached through a big-picture erudition of the IC domain with an “application-rather-than-theorizing” psyche since there already amply exists a “concepts-typologies-frameworks galore” in the IC domain richly and sumptuously marinated over 21 years. This paper is to aid all stakeholders to leverage IC with the twin-purpose of business sustainability the raison d etre of any economic calling. “Measure and Report IC to manage and lead” with a proactive mindset-toolset-skillset paradigm is the quintessence of this paper. The paper maps a three-pronged approach to standardize and universalize a framework to achieve Business efficiency and effectiveness.
Design / methodology / approach: The paper through a literature review examines the seminal papers and books focused on currency, accuracy and objectivity citing authoritative and current resources. It maps the essence of evolving IC research to enable all IC stakeholders to take notice of IC from the perspectives of its total components, value creating processes for total improvement management, business performance reporting (both financial and non-financial) and business sustainability from the standpoint of triple bottom line (people, planet and profit) in the context of the ever-lurking strategic inflection points or stalls that never-ceasingly stare business and industry in their face.
Findings: The paper is a theoretical analysis of IC that documents the maturity evolution of the IC domain by piecing together the theory building-blocks of IC to be pragmatically pitch forked on to the “best-in-class business practice arena”. This would be the cornerstone to bridge the theory-practice divide to provide an empowered launch pad through ‘One Intellectual Capital’ for all stakeholders for value creation to achieve business sustainability from the Practitioner-Consultant-Researcher perspective.
Research implications / Limitations: The paper surveys mostly western literature with occasional notations from Indian perspective pointing out the vast scope to leverage current IC theory and practice for business continuity and sustainability. The insights would aid scholars and practitioners alike because market capitalization which is the core of the economic world hinges on talent, intelligence and knowledge that are a worldwide economic force for managers, business leaders and investors in the global village. Nevertheless, the paper must be empirically examined and proved since empirical findings have to make sense in addition to being statistically significant.
Practical implications: This study examines the abstract conceptualization and concrete experience of IC thought leaders, reflectively observe the context and embark upon active experimentation to strengthen (a) great focus and execution (b) great leadership and (c) great people. In other words,to empower business and management not to mention of accountants, auditors, scholars, individual and institutional investors, financial analysts shareholders, regulators and national governments.
Originality/Value: This paper contributes to both literature and practice for the first time by mapping a state-of-the-art, Holistic Intellectual Capital-anchored Business (HICABTM) Model using the theory on IC research. This is to earnestly enable 21st century organizations to passionately improvise and deploy them to achieve organizational greatness through sustained performance, intensely loyal customers, a winning culture and distinctive contribution all mercifully and thankfully catalyzed and accomplished by IC.
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Image Processing in Quality Assessment of Pulses
Jaspreet Kaur, Vijay Kumar Banga

Abstract
Food is essential for nourishment and sustenance of life. The addition of impurities in food affects the composition and quality of food. Quality assessment of grains is a very big challenge since time immemorial. Human perception based on visual inspection has long been recognized as a guide to quality assessment but the results are not accurate and reliable. This paper presents the usefulness of image processing in quality assessment of pulses grains.
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A Study of Attitude and Psychological Readiness of Students While Using Mobile Technology in Teaching-Learning Process
Saurabh Saxena, Meena Kumar

Abstract
The main aim of this research study is to better understand and measure Pupil –Teachers attitudes and Psychological Readiness regarding the use of mobile learning in Teaching-Learning process due to the increasing global demands towards the integration of mobile technology in teaching-learning process. This paper reports on the results of a study of two hundred students of G.G.S.I.P. University about their attitude and psychological readiness regarding the use of mobile technology in education. An analysis of the quantitative study findings is presented focusing on the ramification for mobile-technology (m-learning) practices in university learning and teaching environments. Results of this study clearly indicate that offering mobile learning could be our method for improving retention of pupil-teachers by enhancing their teaching/learning. The biggest advantage of this technology is that it can be used anywhere, anytime and adopt their mobile learning systems with the aim of improving communication and enriching students' learning experiences. Mobile learning is becoming a part of our daily life. Adaptive mobile learning helps learners to study learning materials anytime anywhere using mobile devices. Therefore, it is the time to build guidelines for designing and implementing highly efficient usable contents and courses from mobile devices also. The widespread use of mobile technologies has led to an increasing interest in mobile learning. In the mobile environment, teachers and learners must move away from knowledge production and into a knowledge navigation paradigm in which teachers become more like tutors who help learners to select and manipulate pre-existing information. This moves education towards a truly learner centered model in which the learner defines how to proceed, based on individual needs, and that learning is highly tuned to the situation in which it takes place. Mobile learning is not intended to replace the classroom learning, just like the relationship between e-Learning and classroom instruction. In fact, mobile learning offers another way to deliver content and to embed learning into daily life. The main aim of this research study is to better understand and measure Pupil-teachers attitudes and Psychological Readiness regarding the use of mobile learning in Teaching-Learning process.
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An Improved Chaotic Bat Algorithm for Solving Integer Programming Problems
Osama Abdel-Raouf, Mohamed Abdel-Baset and Ibrahim El-Henawy

Abstract
Bat Algorithm is a recently-developed method in the field of computational intelligence. In this paper is presented an improved version of a Bat Meta-heuristic Algorithm, (IBACH), for solving integer programming problems. The proposed algorithm uses chaotic behaviour to generate a candidate solution in behaviours similar to acoustic monophony. Numerical results show that the IBACH is able to obtain the optimal results in comparison to traditional methods (branch and bound), particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO), standard Bat algorithm and other harmony search algorithms. However, the benefits of this proposed algorithm is in its ability to obtain the optimal solution within less computation, which save time in comparison with the branch and bound algorithm (exact solution method).
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