Automation of a 7 MW Turbo Generator using PLC
Sherin Thomas, Silpa Tom and B. Priestly Shan
Abstract
Control engineering has evolved over time. In the past, humans were the main methods for controlling systems. The development of low cost computer has brought the most recent revolution in control engineering, the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). PLC has become the most common choice for manufacturing control. This paper focuses on the automation of controlling a 7MW turbo generator using PLC. Ladder Logic is the main programming method used which mimics the relay logic. The tripping and resetting conditions are studied and the turbine is programmed in such a way that turbine is automatically tripped if any tripping conditions occur and finally reset if all the resetting conditions are met.
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Efficient Algorithm for Processor Allocation in Mesh Multi-Computers Network with Limitations and Assumptions
Rahmat Zolfaghari
Abstract
In large multi-computers, using an allocation algorithm in particular and an efficient scheduled algorithm is very crucial to have maximum computing power Until now, several continuous and discontinuous techniques have been given for processor allocation in mesh multi-computers networks. Continuous allocation methods always try to allocate a free continuous sub-mesh with the same requested dimensional structure to the parallel input job. For this reason, it produces the internal fragmentation in the processors network. Discontinuous allocation algorithms were produced with the aim of removing processors fragmentation. In discontinuous allocation algorithms, message interference between different jobs and struggle to get communication resources increases network communication overheads due to the increase in path length passed by the message. This communication overhead is highly dependent on to the manner of free sub-meshes allocation and the manner of recording by the algorithm. my paper, a discontinuous allocation algorithm called Quick Non-Contiguous Allocation (QNA) has been presented for a two-dimensional mesh network with C programming language. The efficiency of this algorithm and continuous and discontinuous allocation algorithms is determined and compared via simulator tool ProcSimity . Simulation results indicate improved performance parameters in the given algorithm. Since our country is studying on the production of a national supercomputer, results of this study can be an effective step to develop this objective.
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Comparison of Particle Swarm Optimization and Simulated Annealing for Weight Optimization of Composite Leaf Spring
Simran Jeet Singh, Meenu Gupta
Abstract
Nowadays weight optimization is increasingly becoming an important tool for manufacturing and mechanical design. A formulation and solution technique using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Simulated Annealing (SA) for design optimization of Composite Leaf Springs is presented in this work. Leaf Springs are long and narrow plates attached to the frame of a trailer that rest above or below the trailer's axle. This paper aims at minimizing the weight of leaf spring subjected to certain constraints. The dimensions of an existing conventional leaf spring of a light commercial vehicle are used to design mono composite (E- Glass epoxy) leaf spring which is of great interest to the transportation industry. The constant cross-section design is used due to its capability for mass production and to accommodate continuous reinforcement of fibres. The design constraints are bending stresses and deflection. Compared to the steel spring, the composite spring has stresses and deflection that are much lower, and the spring weight is nearly 85.02% lower using Particle Swarm Optimization and 78.87% lower using Simulated Annealing. From the results, it is observed that the composite leaf spring is lighter and more economical than the conventional steel spring with similar design specifications and two techniques are compared which shows that Particle Swarm Optimization has outperformed Simulated Annealing.
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Structural Analysis and Identification of Isomorphism between Six Link Planar Kinematic Chains using Graph Theory
Shubham Verma, Vijay Pal Singh
Abstract
The process of mechanical design involves intuition, experience, analysis and synthesis. In recent time efforts have been made to develop an increasingly rational approach to engineering design. One of these involves the introduction of concept of graph theory in the structural analysis of mechanical systems. It is used for determining the structural characteristic of the kinematic chains such as isomorphism, and type of degree of freedom, viz., total, partial and fractionated. In this paper, an attempt has been made to provide satisfactory solutions to the structural aspects of a kinematic chain by considering the example of sewing machine mechanism. Structure of the kinematic chain defined by its kinematic graph and based on understanding of its function or working. The kinematic graphs defined by the vertex edge matrix and links are represented by vertex and joints by edges. This matrix is called adjacency matrix and represents the connection between the links. The proposed method is applied for determining the characteristic polynomial equation of this mechanism and compares it with straight line motion mechanism and brake drum mechanism for detecting isomorphism. Algebraic test is also done which is based on graph theory for determining total, partial and fractionated degree of freedom for the mechanism.
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Comparative Evaluation of Generalized ADALINE using Variable Learning Rate Parameter
Savita, Divneet Singh Kapoor and Amit Kumar Kohli
Abstract
The ADAptive LINear Element (ADALINE) neural network uses Least Mean Square (LMS) learning rule. This paper presents a comprehensive comparison of three different variable learning rate (VLR) parameter LMS algorithms, for the generalized ADALINE neural network paradigms. These algorithms are used to adjust the weights of the ADALINE neural network, which are tested under three different applications: adaptive prediction, system identification and noise cancellation. The performance analysis of the algorithms for different scenarios is discussed with the help of computer simulations. The simulation results show that in the initial stage, the mean square error between the network output and the desired output is less for the algorithm that has the fastest convergence rate. Therefore, the major advantage is faster convergence of synaptic weights towards the optimum solution, in addition to the better tracking performance in different applications.
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Recent innovations in Distributed Systems: Challenges and Benefits
Amandeep Kaur, Madhurima and Madhulika
Abstract
The World Wide Web is used by millions of people everyday for various purposes including email, reading news, downloading music, online shopping or simply accessing information about anything. Using a standard web browser, the user can access information stored on Web servers situated anywhere on the globe. This gives the illusion that all this information is situated locally on the user’s computer. In reality, the Web represents a huge distributed system that appears as a single resource to the user available at the click of a button. This paper gives an overview of distributed systems in current IT sector. Distributed systems are everywhere. The internet enable users throughout the world to access its services wherever they may be located [1]. Each organization manages an intranet, which provides local services for local users and generally provides services to other users in the internet. Small distributed systems can be constructed from mobile computers and other small computational devices that are attached to a wireless network.
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Challenges of Outsourcing University Functions
Rajkumar, Anshu Dahiya, Sumitti Dalal
Abstract
This research paper seeks to assess challenges of outsourcing university function & to know about most sensitive issues in selecting an outsourcing agency. It is based on the primary data obtained through university’s professional students, non professional students as well as university’s employees. The respondents are briefed about the concept & questionnaires were administered. The study reveals that through outsourcing university’s functions can be done in a far better way but along with this it also creates some challenges in front of students and university’s in source employees. It also discuss about major issues to be considered while selecting an outsourcing agency. Overall this paper unmasks the actual experience of outsourcing of services in university.
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A Historical Perspective and Behavior of Foreign Exchange Rate Determination in India: An Empirical Analysis since Jan.2003-Dec.2010
Amandeep Kaur
Abstract
This paper empirically examines the effects of economic variable on foreign exchange rate using monthly data from Jan.2003 to Dec.2010. This paper uses monthly data for measuring the exchange rate volatility and explain the behavior of Indian exchange Rate. It has seen a “gradual shift” from a par value system to basket-peg exchange rate system; and further to a managed floating exchange rate system. The study applies the unit root test ,dicky fuller test, augmented dickyfuller test, simple Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method and multiple regression method. We test the stationarity of economic variables with the help of unit root test . The study concludes that, there is no statistical and significant relationship between the exchange rate volatility and export of the country. But The result arrived with the help of monthly data present a clear picture of Exchange Rate determination in India under the period of the study The result shows that exports and imports are not statistically significant variable for foreign exchange Rate determination during this time period and regression analysis clearly indicates that X, M, BOT, FXRe, Gold, SDR's, M1, M4,RM, REER-6 and REER-36, have a Negative relation with FXR. There variable have Negative impact on FXR. But M2, M3, WPI, CPI, NEER-6, NEER-36, BR, UNME have positive related with FXR. In out of these variables, FXRe-all, SDR's, WPI, REER-6, REER-36, Bank rate are statistically significant. The study concludes that for economic stability in the economy, we have to remove the temporary shocks, increase capital mobility and control the Inflation in the economy.
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