Partitioned PSO: A New Modified Evolutionary Optimization Technique and its Application to Antenna Feed point Calculation
Anju Garg, Jagtar Singh

Abstract
A new Optimization Technique named as Partitioned Particle Swarm Optimization (PPSO) is proposed. The same is used to determine the feed point position of the planner patch antenna. By dividing the rectangular patch into number of rectangular patch strips, feed point position of the patch antenna modeled as an optimization problem. Computational time to find feed position of patch antenna is reduced considerably. The particles search minutely the sliced search space, thus results in faster convergence and give accurate solution. Sliced Particle swarm optimization tool can be successfully used as soft computing approach in antenna design.
Download Full Text

Hardware Design of Pixel Sorter for Rank Order Filters for Applications in Real-time Systems
Ajay Pratap, Sanjeev Kumar and Dibyayan Das Sharma

Abstract
Digital Image Processing (DIP) is a technology that has widespread applications. However, the use of images for different applications requires efficient noise removal, image enhancement and image restoration. Rank order filtering is a non-linear method by which these tasks are accomplished. These filters can remove noise from an image while preserving edge information. Rank order filters work by sorting a window of input pixels and selecting the input with a certain rank as output pixel. In this paper, FPGA based hardware design of an efficient pixel sorter is presented which can be used for rank order filters and implemented in real-time for image processing systems. The hardware has been tested with sample grayscale images and its performance has been evaluated. Lastly, an analysis has been done on the use of the proposed hardware for image based biometric authentication systems.
Download Full Text

Risk Management: A Step towards Sustainable Development
Hardeep Singh, Bikram Pal Singh

Abstract
Risk is the chance of personal injury, or property damage or loss, determined by combining the results of individual evaluations of specific elements that contribute to majority of risk concerns. Risk generally is a function of severity (an event’s potential consequences in terms of degree of damage, injury or impact on a mission) and probability (the likelihood of an individual event will occur). Risk may directly affect the productivity, profitability, service, quality, reputation, public image, brand value and earnings of an organization. Even then to survive in this competitive world, risk is essential to progress. The opportunity to succeed also carries the opportunity to fail. It is necessary to learn to balance the possible negative consequences of risk with the potential benefits of its associated opportunity. Risk may also be defined as the possibility to suffer damage or loss. Therefore to go ahead in life and achieve highest success, risk management standards are required for the proper identification and assessment of such uncertainties or damage or loss or unfortunate events, so as to maximize realization of objectives. In real sense, risk management is a decision making tool, people in an organization use to increase effectiveness by anticipating hazards and reducing the potential of loss, thereby increasing the probability of a successful mission. Effective risk management requires establishing and following a rigorous process. In risk management practices, a prioritization process is followed whereby risks with the greatest loss and the greatest probability of occurring are handled in descending order. Risk management should be transparent, systematic, structured and dynamic based on the best available information. To conduct this study, exploratory qualitative approach has to be used. Theoretical frame work has to be developed from the literature, data to be collected from the multiple sources of evidence in addition to books, news papers, journals, websites and other professional magazines. A series of interviews, have to be conducted with risk management experts of organizations. A survey has to be developed, based on refined questionnaire with risk management experts of company. In this research paper our main focus is to highlight how risk management principles and techniques contribute towards the sustainable development.
Download Full Text

A Survey of QoS parameters through reactive routing in MANETs
Vishal Garg, Chandan Kapoor

Abstract
Traditional internet QoS protocols like RSVP cannot be easily migrated to the wireless environment due to the error-prone nature of wireless links and the high mobility of mobile devices. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the body responsible for guiding the evolution of the Internet, provides the definition as given below: A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an autonomous system of mobile routers (and associated hosts) connected by wireless links. The routers are free to move randomly and organize themselves arbitrarily; thus, the network’s wireless topology may change rapidly and unpredictably. Such a network may operate in a stand-alone fashion, or may be connected to the larger Internet. QoS is usually defined as a set of service requirements that needs to be met by the network while transporting a packet stream from a source to its destination. The network is expected to guarantee a set of measurable pre-specified service attributes to the users in terms of end-to-end performance, such as delay, bandwidth, probability of packet loss, delay variance (jitter), etc.
Download Full Text

Fuzzy Logic Based Handoff Controller for Microcellular Mobile Networks
Dayal C. Sati, Pardeep Kumar, Yogesh Misra

Abstract
In mobile cellular systems the handoff is a very important process, which refers to a mechanism that transfers an ongoing call from one Base Station (BS) to another. The performance of the handover mechanism is very important to maintain the desired Quality of Service (QoS). The conventional handoff decisions are normally signal strength based, which are not suitable for modern small sized microcellular networks. In order to maintain reliable communication in microcellular mobile systems, new and better handoff algorithms must be needed to keep QoS, as high as possible. The purpose of this research work is to design an intelligent handoff controller, using fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic toolbox of MATLAB 7.6.0 is used for designing FIS.
Download Full Text

Improved Association Mining Algorithm for Large Dataset
Tannu Arora, Rahul Yadav

Abstract
Mining frequent patterns in transaction databases, time-series databases, and many other kinds of databases has been studied popularly in data mining research. Most of the previous studies adopt an Apriori-like candidate set generation-and-test approach. However, candidate set generation is still costly, especially when there exist a large number of patterns and/or long patterns. Further, dynamic itemset counting algorithm, an extension to Apriori algorithm used to reduce number of scans on the dataset. It was alternative to Apriori Itemset Generation .In this, itemsets are dynamically added and deleted as transactions are read .It relies on the fact that for an itemset to be frequent, all of its subsets must also be frequent, so we only examine those itemsets whose subsets are all frequent. Both Apriori and DIC are based on candidate generation. But frequent-pattern tree (FP-tree) structure, which is an extended prefix-tree structure for storing compressed, crucial information about frequent patterns, mine the frequent itemsets without any candidate generation. Our performance study shows that the FP-growth method is efficient and scalable for mining both long and short frequent patterns, and is about an order of magnitude faster than the Apriori algorithm and also faster than some recently reported new frequent-pattern mining methods. In this paper, we combine the features of both FP-tree and dynamic itemset so that we can mine the frequent itemsets dynamically without any candidate generation. We propose a new algorithm, Dynamic-FP which takes the advantages of both DIC as well as FP-tree. This algorithm will be compared with previous algorithms to give the better performance for large dataset.
Download Full Text

FPGA Based Hardware Realization of DCT – II Independent Update Algorithm for Image Processing Applications
Dibyayan Das Sharma, Anshu Kumari and Pushplata

Abstract
Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Sine Transform (DST) are two transform compression techniques that are used extensively for data compression, most notably in audio, speech and image processing applications. Several algorithms for computation of DCT and DST coefficients have been developed so far, among which independent update algorithm seems to be the most promising technique for future applications. In this paper, the FPGA implementation of the DCT – II independent update algorithm has been undertaken and its performance is evaluated. Use of the above algorithm for applications like image intelligence, biometric systems, image duplication etc. is also discussed.
Download Full Text

Validating and Testing Software System using Use Case Based Approach
Suman Kasnia, Deepa Mehta

Abstract
Use cases are a means to capture a system’s functionality and behavior in a user-centered perspective. Thus they are used in most modern object-oriented software development methods to help elicit and document user requirements. Scenarios (Use Cases) also form a kind of abstract level test cases for the system under testing yet they are seldom used to derive concrete system test cases. Here we will find a procedure to use scenarios in a defined way to systematically derive test cases for system test. This is done by formalization of natural language scenarios into state charts, annotation of state charts with helpful information for test case creation/generation and by path traversal in the state charts to determine concrete test cases.
Download Full Text

Parametric comparison of Ant colony optimization for edge detection problem
Kavita, Harpreet Singh Chawla and J.S. Saini

Abstract
Edge detection is one of the open issues in image processing. ACO, inspired by the foraging behaviour of ants, has been typically used for addressing this problem. ACO has different variants which differ in either the way in which route is constructed or the pheromone is updated on the ants. There has been significant work done by researchers with two typical ACO algorithms, i.e., Ant System (AS) and Ant Colony System (ACS). The proposed work aimed at drawing a comparison by changing the parameter value of phi for performance analysis. This proposed work can be an ideal template and ready reference for a novice researcher in the field of image processing to use a typical ACO algorithm out of the different ACO algorithms for his problem.
Download Full Text

A General Model for Distributed Termination Detection in Dynamic System for Non-Diffusing Computation
Vishal Garg, Swati Malhotra, Chandan Kapoor

Abstract
A symmetric algorithm for detecting the termination of a distributed computation is presented. The algorithm works for dynamic systems allowing creation and destruction of processes during the course of computation. The algorithm does not require global information concerning the system and does not assume any communication features barring finite delays in the delivery of messages. The algorithm requires acknowledgement for basic messages received. The algorithm is discussed with a suitable example.
Download Full Text

Corporate Governance And Board Effectiveness
Aparna Sharma

Abstract
Recent corporate scandals have put company boards in the spotlight. Legislation, codes of conduct, and guidelines have been developed to improve corporate governance. Corporate governance is the set of processes, customs, policies, laws, and institutions affecting the way a corporation (or company) is directed, administered or controlled. Corporate governance also includes the relationships among the many stakeholders involved and the goals for which the corporation is governed. The principal stakeholders are the shareholders, management, and the board of directors. Corporate governance has been a central issue in developing countries because of the fact that corporate governance and economic development are intrinsically linked. The paper explores why corporate governance may matter. Since liberalization, serious efforts have been directed at overhauling the system in India with the SEBI instituting the Clause 49 of the Listing Agreements dealing with corporate governance. Though the amendment to Clause 49 of the Listing Agreement has been the topic of elaborate discussion in the Indian corporate scene. This paper aims to trace the many dimensions through which corporate governance works in public trading companies in India. This paper surveys the empirical and theoretical literature on the mechanisms of the corporate governance. Focus has been made on the internal mechanisms of corporate governance i.e. corporate board of directors. An attempt has been made in this paper to give insight about board role and responsibilities in competitive era for effective corporate governance. Given paper investigates various perspective of IT Governance specifically five domains, which are contributing to board effectiveness for the purpose of corporate governance. Five domains as stated by ITGI are namely, IT Strategic Alignment, IT Resource Management, IT Performance Management, IT Risk Management and IT Value Delivery. It then goes on to discuss the implications of Clause 49 as an opportunity for Indian-listed corporations to achieve IT Governance. Some researches define IT governance as a strategic approach to information, through specific actions such as reducing the complexity of application architectures, automating controls, standardizing and rationalizing data, defining effective competencies and practices, accountability structures for IT processes. It then concludes by saying that effectiveness of IT Governance depends on practices and structures put to use by board of directors and at this point of time if corporate India seizes this regulatory requirement (Clause 49) as an opportunity to refine and fine-tune IT processes, the regulatory requirement will serve the purpose of the regulators, ushering in much-needed corporate governance in letter as well as in spirit.
Download Full Text

A Low Power High Speed Adders using MTCMOS Technique
Uma Nirmal, Geetanjali Sharma, Yogesh Misra

Abstract
Addition is the most basic arithmetic operation and adder is the most fundamental arithmetic component of the processor. Two important attributes of all digital circuits, for most applications are maximizing speed and minimizing power consumption. The speed of different modules used in the design will dominate the overall performance of the system. Depending on the delay and power consumption requirements, several adders can be implemented in many ways such as carry look-ahead (CLA), carry-skip adder (CSA) and ripple carry adder (RCA). The main objective of this paper is to provide new low power solution for Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) designers. MTCMOS is an effective circuit-level technique that provides a high performance and low-power design by utilizing both low and high-threshold voltage transistors. MTCMOS technique has been proposed in this paper and the proposed technique has small power dissipation as compared to CMOS technique. Simulations based on BSIM 3V3 180nm CMOS technology. It shows 4 bit adders of the proposed technique have low power dissipation as compared CMOS technique.
Download Full Text

Qualitative Analysis of Membrane Filter used for Bacteria Filtration using Feature Extraction Techniques
Aditya Sharma, Poonam G. Kohli, Divneet S. Kapoor and Amit Kumar Kohli

Abstract
This paper presents the statistical analysis for the quality check of membrane filter, used for the bacteria filtration, using the image processing techniques. The quality of membrane filter is determined by the uniformity factor of the polymer beads under test. We compare the performance of well known watershed method and active contour method used for the segmentation process. The simulation results are presented to demonstrate that the active contour method based segmentation outperforms the watershed feature extraction technique in case of qualitative analysis of the membrane filter.
Download Full Text

A Review Of GAIT Cycle And Its Parameters
Ashutosh Kharb, Vipin Saini, Y.K Jain, Surender Dhiman

Abstract
Biometrics refers to as scientific and technological measurements of either physiological or behavioral human characteristics. e.g. fingerprints, face, iris, hand geometry, voice and gait etc. Gait is a behavioral biometric and is defined as the manner of walking. It includes both the body appearance and dynamics of human walking motion. When it is not feasible to take facial snapshots, finger prints, to record voice or to read hand geometry then gait may be proved as an effective tool to recognize a person. This paper describes a brief of gait, gait cycle and its phases.
Download Full Text

Study of Green Supply Chain Management in the Indian Manufacturing Industries: A Literature Review cum an Analytical Approach for the measurement of performance
Ashish Kumar Bhateja, Rajesh Babbar, Sarbjit Singh, Anish Sachdeva

Abstract
Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) is one of the recent innovations for the enhancement of capabilities of Supply Chain Management. In this research, we aim to study the various activities of the Supply Chain processes of the various Indian Manufacturing Industries i.e. both SME’s {Small Manufacturing Enterprises} & Large Scale Industries & finds how much eco-friendly they are (i.e. how much % of the green factor are involved in their supply chain activities from the procurement of the raw material to the transportation of the final product) for the purpose of metering the performance of the manufacturing sectors has been studied. The major six activities of the supply chain; namely Green Sourcing & Procurement, Green Manufacturing, Green Warehousing, Green Distribution, Green Packaging, Green Transportation are being covered throughout the research. From these above process activities we measured the performance of the various Indian manufacturing industries with the help of various crucial performance indicators & their sub-indicator’s. The research outcome based on the survey will identify the important result that’s causes impact on the environment caused by the manufacturing sectors based upon the appropriate methodology we applied for research purpose. We can also analyze by comparing various sectors with each other & finds out the leading and lagging sectors based upon the existing way of processes. In the end also discussed wide future scope for the further research. In this paper we discussed the various environment factors affecting in the manufacturing sectors .we designed a GSCM Index having 17 Indicators & 33 Sub-Indicators & with the help of survey questioner which has to be filled by the various multiple manufacturing sectors from that effort we can finds out the performance the various manufacturing sectors towards Green future.
Download Full Text

A Scenario on the role of ICT in Governance And Education System
Deepa Mehta, Suman Kasnia

Abstract
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have become common place entities in all aspects of life. Across the past twenty years the use of ICT has fundamentally changed the practices and procedures of nearly all forms of endeavor within business and governance. Within education, ICT has begun to have a presence but the impact has not been as extensive as in other fields. Education is a very socially oriented activity and quality education has increased. The use of ICT in education lends itself to more student-centered learning. India has made impressive strides in the application of ICT in recent years and this is reflected in its vibrant and fast growing economy. Here, we will find out the awareness about the ICT among people and the impact of IT on students. Highlight the factors prevents reaping the benefits of ICTs and technological innovations to access them. Also identifies the bottlenecks in system.
Download Full Text

Modulation Formats in Optical Communication System
Rahul Chhilar, Jitender Khurana and Shubham Gandhi

Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyse the performance of dispersed managed RZ system, different modulation formats and to study the different compensation techniques at high bit rate. The dispersed managed system is a promising way to transmit data in optical communication networks. The performance of 10 Gbps optical communication system with the dispersion managed return-to-zero (RZ) pulse has been reported The return-to-zero (RZ) pulse is efficient for long-distance, high-bit-rate, wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) transmission dispersion-managed systems. In RZ pulse, the power is transmitted only for fraction of bit period. In this thesis, predictions are made by varying the dispersion parameter of single mode fiber in optical communication system. It has been reported that the performance of the system is improved with increase in the value of dispersion parameter. Using the different types of modulation formats, it is predicted that the novel modulation formats enhance the overall performance of the optical communication systems at high bit rate. The performance of non-return-to-zero (NRZ), carrier suppressed return-to-zero (CSRZ) and do binary modulation format at 10 Gb/s for the optical communication system is analyzed.
Download Full Text

An Effective Controller Design for Active Queue Management Scheme Assisting TCP Flows
Kulvinder Singh

Abstract
In this study, a control theoretical approach is brought to design and examine different flow controllers for congestion control in communicating networks. First, an Effective controller is planned for explicit rate congestion control in individual chokepoint network. The controller ensures constancy Effectiveness with respect to ambiguous time varying multiple time delays in different channels brings the queue length of the chokepoint client to a desirable value asymptotically and fulfills a weighted fairness condition. The use of the outgoing link capability is further investigated to improve functioning. As well, a few variations on a linear model of Active Queue Management assisting TCP flows are used to design an Effective AQM controller and to examine the functioning and stableness of Multilevel ECN and Traffic load based AQM strategies.
Download Full Text

Impact of Colours in Marketing
Rajiv Kaushik

Abstract
Colours play an important role in attracting the consumers and creating an image about the brand or retail store. Warm colours help in attracting the consumers and impulse purchases where as cool colours help in purchases where deliberation is required for decision making. With the help of colours companies are adding value to their product portfolio. In hospitality industry colours are decided according to the mood, ambience, design and the name. Internet- based and apparel companies are more experimental with colours then established ones like auto makers. Companies which are using colours as their USP has to maintain consistency in colour management.
Download Full Text

Impact of Managerial Skills of Educational Administrators in Running the Educational Institutions in Haryana
Rajiv Kaushik

Abstract
Managerial skills of education administrators play a vital role in creating a good and congenial institutional environment. Education administrators have to perform entire managerial work like planning, organizing, coordinating, implementing and controlling of activities. They set objectives and implement the strategies, monitor the progress and evaluate the results. Managerial skills of educational administrators can be judged by measuring skills like goal setting skills, intuitive abilities, problem solving styles, locus of control and Conflict handling style.
Download Full Text

end faq