Investigating 3-D Model and Part Information for Improving Content-Based Vehicle Retrieval
M. R. Hire, S. D. Pable

Abstract
Content based vehicle retrieval, a technique which uses visual contents to search images from the large scale image databases, is an active area of research for the past decade. Due to large variation in viewing angle position, illumination, occlusion, background, traditional vehicle retrieval is extremely challenging. This approaches problem in a different way by converting 2D image database into 3D database. For training we have used 77 images in database. First we convert 2D query image into its 3D view and then comparing with 3D database. Then proposed a model fitting approach with weighted jacobian system which leverage the prior knowledge of part information and shows promising improvements. For comparison similarity metrics are used. It contains the analysis done after the application of similarity measure named Euclidian distance, Minkowski Distance, cosine etc. Support vector machine is used which is statistical classification algorithm that classifies data by separating two classes with the help of a functional hyper plane and it helps to improve performance of our system. We have evaluate precision/recall show that this method is very effective.
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Personal Protective Equipments are Last Resort of Safety
Bachchan Kanungo, GirishThakar and Prashant Sharma

Abstract
This study and analysis will deal with this concept that before applying control over hazard to reduce risk, think on the hierarchy of control over hazards. The Personal Protective Equipments should be the last resort to reduce the risk level or to ill health. But it is common practices in Industries that they provide lots of Personal Protective Equipments from top to bottom body parts of their employees & to ensure the safety of employees. Before applying use of PPEs to control over Hazard, four stages of controls are available e.g. Elimination, Substitution, Engineering control, Administrative control.
Elimination of hazards stands at the top and most preferable means to control over hazard. Elimination means eliminate the Hazard, if elimination is not possible, try to reduce the risk level by substitution means using safer substances instead of exiting dangerous one, if substitution is also not possible, try to reduce the risk level by engineering controls mean taking advantage of technical progress such as automation / robotics instead of manual operations, improving machine guarding, erection of proper ladder / platforms, conveyor systems, acoustic enclosures, installing emergency alarms / indications etc., if Engineering controls is also not possible, try to reduce the risk level by Administrative controls means restricted entry, barricading, display of visual signage, training, work permit system, authorized pass system, introducing planned maintenance and inspection etc., if all above said is not possible; try to reduce the risk level by Personal Protective Equipments mean own body protection by wearing nose mask, helmet, ear plug/muff, safety shoes, safety goggles etc.
Meanwhile it is common culture in industries that safety means only wearing/visual of Personal Protective Equipments.
This paper analyzes five year data of accidents of a leading pump industry showing the dependence on the last resort of PPEs for control over hazard. All these accidents could have been prevented by thinking over the control of hierarchy.
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